Чистое равновесие Нэша в двух-шаговой игре ценообразования: покрытие торговых точек в туристическом городе
Чистое равновесие Нэша в двух-шаговой игре ценообразования: покрытие торговых точек в туристическом городе
УДК 519.83
DOI: 10.33048/daio.2023.30.744
Аннотация:
Малый бизнес в небольших туристических городах направлен на удовлетворение потребностей приезжих туристов, по этому между предпринимателями из одной области предоставления услуг образуется конкуренция, что делает актуальной задачу ценообразования. Некоторым предпринимателям требуется определиться со стоимостью своего товара и местом его продажи. Если из-за конкуренции индивидуальный предприниматель будет часто менять место продажи своего товара, то можно пропустить сезон и не получить желаемой прибыли. Интерес представляет случай, когда выбор места продажи осуществляется в чистых стратегиях. С использованием концепции игр заполнения со специальными функциями выигрышей (congestion games with player-specific payoff functions) и теории порядковых потенциальных функций в работе показано существование равновесия в игре ценообразования. В качестве примера найдено равновесное распределение индивидуальных предпринимателей по торговым точкам в городе Геленджик.
Табл. 3, ил. 2, библиогр. 22.
Литература:
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- Jabarzare N., Rasti-Barzoki M. A game theoretic approach for pricing and determining quality level through coordination contracts in a dual-channel supply chain including manufacturer and packaging company // Int. J. Prod. Econ. 2020. V. 221, ID 107480. 18 p.
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- Caspi C. E., Pelletier J. E., Harnack L. J., Erickson D. J., Lenk K., Laska M. N. Pricing of staple foods at supermarkets versus small food stores // Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2017. V. 14, No. 8, ID 915. 12 p.
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- Reardon T., Echeverria R., Berdegue J., Minten B., Liverpool-Tasie S., Tschirley D., Zilberman D. Rapid transformation of food systems in developing regions: highlighting the role of agricultural research and innovations // Agric. Syst. 2019. V. 172. P. 47–59.
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- Briceno-Arias L., Correa J. R., Perlroth A. Optimal continuous pricing with strategic consumers // Manage. Sci. 2017. V. 63, No. 8. P. 2741–2755.
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- Monderer D., Shapley L. S. Potential games // Games Econ. Behav. 1996. V. 14, No. 1. P. 124–143.
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- Rosenthal R. W. A class of games possessing pure-strategy Nash equilibria // Int. J. Game Theory. 1973. V. 2, No. 1. P. 65–67.
- Milchtaich I. Congestion games with player-specific payoff functions // Games Econ. Behav. 1996. V. 13, No. 1. P. 111–124.
- Li L., Lee Y. S. Pricing and delivery-time performance in a competitive environment // Manage. Sci. 1994. V. 40, No. 5. P. 633–646.
- Crawford G. S., Pavanini N., Schivardi F. Asymmetric information and imperfect competition in lending markets // Am. Econ. Rev. 2018. V. 108, No. 7. P. 1659–1701.
- Mitridati L., Kazempour J., Pinson P. Design and game-theoretic analysis of community-based market mechanisms in heat and electricity systems // Omega. 2021. V. 99, ID 102177. 24 p.
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Исследование выполнено за счёт Российского научного фонда (проект № 22–21–20070), а также поддержано грантом Санкт-Петербургского научного фонда в соответствии с соглашением № 65/2022 от 15 апреля 2022 г.
Гусев Василий Васильевич
- Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»,
ул. Кантемировская, 3, 194100 Санкт-Петербург, Россия
E-mail: vgusev@hse.ru
Статья поступила 3 июня 2022 г.
После доработки — 23 июня 2022 г.
Принята к публикации 29 июня 2022 г.
Abstract:
The economy of small tourist towns has unique characteristics. Basically, small business in such towns is aimed at meeting tourists’ needs. The competition between entrepreneurs engaged in service provision makes the pricing problem relevant. Some entrepreneurs need to define their goods value and decide where to sell them. If an entrepreneur often changes the sell point due to the competition, he may lose the profit. An interesting case is when the sell point choice is based on pure strategies. By the concept of congestion games with player-specific payoff functions and ordinal potential functions, the paper demonstrates the pricing game equilibrium under inherent restrictions. An equilibrium distribution of individual entrepreneurs by sell points in Gelendzhik is found.
Tab. 3, illustr. 2, bibliogr. 22.
References:
- K. Bimpikis, S. Ehsani, and R. Ilkiliç, Cournot competition in networked markets, Manage. Sci. 65 (6), 2467–2481 (2019).
- N. Jabarzare andM. Rasti-Barzoki, A game theoretic approach for pricing and determining quality level through coordination contracts in a dual-channel supply chain including manufacturer and packaging company, Int. J. Prod. Econ. 221, ID 107480, 18 p. (2020).
- V. Nocke and N. Schutz, Multiproduct-firm oligopoly: An aggregative games approach, Econometrica 86 (2), 523–557 (2018).
- C. E. Caspi, J. E. Pelletier, L. J. Harnack, D. J. Erickson, K. Lenk, and M. N. Laska, Pricing of staple foods at supermarkets versus small food stores, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14 (8), ID 915, 12 p. (2017).
- B. Minten and T. Reardon, Food prices, quality, and quality’s pricing in supermarkets versus traditional markets in developing countries, Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy 30 (3), 480–490 (2008).
- T. Reardon, R. Echeverria, J. Berdegue, B. Minten, S. Liverpool-Tasie, D. Tschirley, and D. Zilberman, Rapid transformation of food systems in developing regions: Highlighting the role of agricultural research and innovations, Agric. Syst. 172, 47–59 (2019).
- J. A. Cook and F. Gale, Using food prices and consumption to examine Chinese cost of living, Pac. Econ. Rev. 24 (1), 3–26 (2019).
- L. Briceno-Arias, J. R. Correa, and A. Perlroth, Optimal continuous pricing with strategic consumers, Manage. Sci. 63 (8), 2741–2755 (2017).
- M. Choi, A. Y. Dai, and K. Kim, Consumer search and price competition, Econometrica 86 (4), 1257–1281 (2018).
- W. Cui and L. Li, A game-theoretic approach to optimize the Time-of-Use pricing considering customer behaviors, Int. J. Prod. Econ. 201, 75–88 (2018).
- D. Martin, Strategic pricing with rational inattention to quality, Games Econ. Behav. 104, 131–145 (2017).
- M. Babaioff, S. Dughmi, R. Kleinberg, and A. Slivkins, Dynamic pricing with limited supply, ACM Trans. Econ. Comput. 3 (1), 1–26 (2015).
- J. Chen, J. Jian, and S. Hong, Quantum repeated pricing game, Quantum Inf. Process. 19 (2), ID 42, 10 p. (2020).
- K. P. Rath, Stationary and nonstationary strategies in Hotelling’s model of spatial competition with repeated pricing decisions, Int. J. Game Theory 27 (4), 525–537 (1998).
- D. Monderer and L. S. Shapley, Potential games, Games Econ. Behav. 14 (1), 124–143 (1996).
- V. V. Gusev, Nash-stable coalition partition and potential functions in games with coalition structure, Eur. J. Oper. Res. 295 (3), 1180–1188 (2021).
- R. W. Rosenthal, A class of games possessing pure-strategy Nash equilibria, Int. J. Game Theory 2 (1), 65–67 (1973).
- I. Milchtaich, Congestion games with player-specific payoff functions, Games Econ. Behav. 13 (1), 111–124 (1996).
- L. Li and Y. S. Lee, Pricing and delivery-time performance in a competitive environment, Manage. Sci. 40 (5), 633–646 (1994).
- G. S. Crawford, N. Pavanini, and F. Schivardi, Asymmetric information and imperfect competition in lending markets, Am. Econ. Rev. 108 (7), 1659–1701 (2018).
- L. Mitridati, J. Kazempour, and P. Pinson, Design and game-theoretic analysis of community-based market mechanisms in heat and electricity systems, Omega 99, ID 102177, 24 p. (2021).
- X. Xu, R. Chen, and L. Jiang, The influence of payment mechanisms on pricing: when mental imagery stimulates desire for money, J. Retail. 96 (2), 178–188 (2020).